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 Figure 1: classic co-current/counter-current principle |
 Temperature distribution of a Holtec Single Tube Row |
 Pictorial view of a typical 36 Module Air Cooled Condenser |
 Single Tube Row Design |
Restrictions on environmental pollution, directives on water vapor plumes, blow down disposal, and shortage of make up water in wet cooling tower applications are forcing more and more power plants to use air instead of water to condense the turbine exhaust steam. In an air cooled condenser ambient air is used to condense the turbine exhaust steam.
Holtec International offers air cooled condenser designs with proven technology for efficient and reliable operation for steam turbines sizes ranging from 10 MW to 1000 MW.
The Holtec design follows the classic co-current /counter-current principle depicted in Figure 1. The steam and the condensate flow co-currently in the primary stage tube bundles, while in the secondary stage the flows are counter-current to minimize condensate subcooling.
The Holtec air cooled condenser tube bundles are designed to provide the lowest turbine exhaust pressure, minimum pressure drop in steam ducts, minimum plot size, simplified installation and maintenance, and freeze resistant operation for cold climates. Holtec offers Single Tube Row (STR) or Multi Tube Row (MTR) designs for freezing and non-freezing applications.The thermal, hydraulic and structural designs are generated with conventional proprietary techniques as well as advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools such as ANSYS and FLUENT.
The critical component of the air cooled condensers is the tube bundle design. The Holtec single row tube design consists of carbon steel fins brazed to a carbon steel tube. The finned tube is coated with a corrosion resistant material. Holtec single row tube is NOT galvanized, thereby eliminating contamination of ground water with zinc. Rugged, corrosion resistant, and inexpensive carbon steel tubes and fins have been used for decades and are preferred to the alternative technology, which consists of expensive, delicate and corrosion prone aluminum alloy fins brazed to an aluminum-coated carbon steel tube.
Holtec air cooled condensers are modularized to facilitate construction. The structural design is focused to arrange the columns, beams and bracing members to simplify site erection. All connections are standardized to prevent mismatching during construction.
The fan deck and fan bell are bolted together to lift as a single piece at the site. The tube bundles are self supporting, thus eliminating the need for additional bundle support structures. The innovative steam duct design avoids the use of large tee junction construction. The rupture disc is mounted on a steam duct to permit easy access and maintenance.
Components of air cooled condensers are fabricated by manufacturing licensees in North America and Asia. All of the fabrication facilities have ASME Section VIII code stamps (“U” and “R”) and excellent reputations for quality fabrication and on-time delivery.
DESIGN
TECHNOLOGY DIFFERENTIATION
Environmentally friendly
Modular construction
Rugged bundle assembly
Cost competitive
CONSTRUCTION
FABRICATION
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